ASEAN recognises the difficulties of smallholders, farmers and shifting cultivators in implementing zero burning practices. These Guidelines provide recommendations for these parties on the implementation of controlled burning and other related practices, to promote sustainable forest management and environment-friendly land management and agricultural practices. The Guidelines were developed from case studies and surveys on current best practices in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan . Apart from the controlled burning practices, the Guidelines also highlight the benefits, prerequisites as well as challenges in implementing the controlled burning practices