WE, the Heads of State/Government of Brunei Darussalam, the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Republic of Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), on the occasion of the 33rd ASEAN Summit. RECOGNISING ASEAN’s rich terrestrial and marine biodiversity and the need to sustain ecosystem functions and services whereby current challenges such as climate change, rapid urbanisation, and continuing habitat loss from agricultural expansion, industrial activities and the like, and wildlife trafficking are dealt with and adequately responded to, so as to maintain continued societal and human well-being;